golang进行简单权限认证的实现

使用JWT进行认证

JSON Web Tokens (JWT) are a more modern approach to authentication.

As the web moves to a greater separation between the client and server, JWT provides a wonderful alternative to traditional cookie based authentication models.

JWTs provide a way for clients to authenticate every request without having to maintain a session or repeatedly pass login credentials to the server.

用户注册之后, 服务器生成一个 JWT token返回给浏览器, 浏览器向服务器请求数据时将 JWT token 发给服务器, 服务器用 signature 中定义的方式解码

JWT 获取用户信息.

一个 JWT token包含3部分: 1 header: 告诉我们使用的算法和 token 类型 2 Payload: 必须使用 sub key 来指定用户 ID, 还可以包括其他信息比如 email, username 等. 3 Signature: 用来保证 JWT 的真实性. 可以使用不同算法

package mainimport (“encoding/json””fmt””log””net/http””strings””time””github.com/codegangsta/negroni””github.com/dgrijalva/jwt-go””github.com/dgrijalva/jwt-go/request”)const (SecretKey = “welcome ———“)func fatal(err error) {if err != nil {log.Fatal(err)}}type UserCredentials struct {Username string `json:”username”`Password string `json:”password”`}type User struct {ID int `json:”id”`Name string `json:”name”`Username string `json:”username”`Password string `json:”password”`}type Response struct {Data string `json:”data”`}type Token struct {Token string `json:”token”`}func StartServer() {http.HandleFunc(“/login”, LoginHandler)http.Handle(“/resource”, negroni.New(negroni.HandlerFunc(ValidateTokenMiddleware),negroni.Wrap(http.HandlerFunc(ProtectedHandler)),))log.Println(“Now listening…”)http.ListenAndServe(“:8087”, nil)}func main() {StartServer()}func ProtectedHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {response := Response{“Gained access to protected resource”}JsonResponse(response, w)}func LoginHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {var user UserCredentialserr := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&user)if err != nil {w.WriteHeader(http.StatusForbidden)fmt.Fprint(w, “Error in request”)return}if strings.ToLower(user.Username) != “someone” {if user.Password != “p@ssword” {w.WriteHeader(http.StatusForbidden)fmt.Println(“Error logging in”)fmt.Fprint(w, “Invalid credentials”)return}}token := jwt.New(jwt.SigningMethodHS256)claims := make(jwt.MapClaims)claims[“exp”] = time.Now().Add(time.Hour * time.Duration(1)).Unix()claims[“iat”] = time.Now().Unix()token.Claims = claimsif err != nil {w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)fmt.Fprintln(w, “Error extracting the key”)fatal(err)}tokenString, err := token.SignedString([]byte(SecretKey))if err != nil {w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)fmt.Fprintln(w, “Error while signing the token”)fatal(err)}response := Token{tokenString}JsonResponse(response, w)}func ValidateTokenMiddleware(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next http.HandlerFunc) {token, err := request.ParseFromRequest(r, request.AuthorizationHeaderExtractor,func(token *jwt.Token) (interface{}, error) {return []byte(SecretKey), nil})if err == nil {if token.Valid {next(w, r)} else {w.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)fmt.Fprint(w, “Token is not valid”)}} else {w.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)fmt.Fprint(w, “Unauthorized access to this resource”)}}func JsonResponse(response interface{}, w http.ResponseWriter) {json, err := json.Marshal(response)if err != nil {http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)return}w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)w.Header().Set(“Content-Type”, “application/json”)w.Write(json)}

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